During the manufacture of the cylinder, as we have already indicated,
much oil is used, and, so far as steel can be saturated with that
fluid--in the popular sense--the metal is in that state. It is
essential that this oil should be completely got rid of, and this is
carefully done before the cylinder is charged with gas. Previous to
such charging, the vessel has to be fitted with its valve. Of these
valves there are three kinds, known respectively as the Brin, the
Birmingham, and the Manchester. Each has its admirers, but we cannot
here discuss their individual merits.
The charging of the cylinder is brought about by a powerful pump
having three cylinders so arranged that the compressed contents of the
first cylinder are still further compressed in the second, and still
more highly in the third. The filling of a 100 ft. cylinder occupies
about half an hour.--_Photographic News_.
* * * * *
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HORSESHOE.
BY DISTRICT VETERINARIAN ZIPPELIUS, OF WURTZBURG.
_Translated by S.E. Weber, V.S.[1]_
[Footnote 1: From _Theirarztliche Mittheilungen_, organ des
Vereins badischer Theirarzte, Karlsruhe, No.
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