658. Constans takes the field against the Slavonians and repulses them.
Amru is sent by Moawiyah into Egypt and expels Ali's partisans. The two
caliphs publicly pray for each other while waging fierce war.
660. Ali is assassinated; Hasan, his eldest son, is elected caliph.
661. Hasan resigns the caliphate; Moawiyah, the first of the Ommiads,
becomes undisputed ruler of the Moslems; he makes Damascus his capital.
Death of Aribert; Lombardy is divided between his two sons. Constans,
detested by all classes, leaves Constantinople and goes to Italy; the
senate detains the Empress and his sons.
663. Constans visits Rome and carries away much spoil and retires to
Syracuse.
664. Caliph Moawiyah appoints as his lieutenant in Persia, India, and
the East his half-brother, Ziyad, "the greatest man of the age."
668. Constans is assassinated in a bath at Syracuse; Constans IV
succeeds to the throne of the Eastern Empire.
The Sicilians set up Mecezius as emperor. Constantinople is first
besieged by the Saracens.
669. Sicily is invaded by the Saracens, who capture Syracuse.
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